mitosis activity flip book docnovak sado

( A, B, Reprinted, with permission, from McIntosh et al.

During anaphase ( F), they segregate, moving toward opposite poles of the spindle, and the spindle itself elongates. By metaphase ( E), the chromosomes are quite accurately aligned on the spindle midplane. In prometaphase ( D), the spindle MTs (red) gain access to the chromosomes (blue) and attach to the kinetochores (yellow) that will subsequently govern most chromosome motions. In prophase ( C), the chromosomes (blue) condense inside a still-patent nucleus while MTs (green) organize in the cytoplasm. ( C–F) Immunofluorescence images of mitotic cells, sourced from the mammalian rat kangaroo PtK 1 strain. During mitosis, the condensed sister chromatids are separated in a process highly dependent on interactions between microtubules (MTs) and chromosomal kinetochores. This phase is followed by a period of chromosome replication in S phase, and then a further gap phase, G 2, in which the newly replicated sister chromatids are held together by cohesins. During the first gap phase, G 1, cells have only the chromosome they were given at the previous cell division each decondensed chromosome is a single DNA duplex. ( B) Chromosome behavior during the cell cycle. In tissues, cells can continue further rounds of division or can exit the cell cycle. In mitosis (M), cell parts are reorganized so the mitotic spindle can achieve the equipartition of the chromosomes and centrosomes, leaving the distribution of more numerous components, such as ribosomes, to the laws relating to large numbers and the process of cytokinesis (C), in which the cell itself divides into two daughters. During interphase (G 1, S, G 2), the cell accomplishes sufficient biosynthesis to become two. ( A) Cartoon of the main segments of the cell cycle.

Mitosis activity flip book docnovak sado